.Net C# Developer – Interview Questions, Answer, Industry Salary

ASP.NET MVC is a web development framework within the .NET ecosystem. It follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, allowing for a separation of concerns and easier testability. ASP.NET MVC provides a more granular control over the application’s behavior, allowing developers to define custom routes, work with data models using Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks like Entity Framework, and easily integrate with client-side frameworks like Angular or React. In contrast, ASP.NET Web Forms follows a more event-driven programming model and is suited for rapid development of web forms-based applications.

Entity Framework (EF) is an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework that simplifies database access in .NET applications. It eliminates the need for writing raw SQL queries and enables developers to interact with the database using object-oriented programming techniques. With EF, developers define data models using classes and attributes, and EF takes care of mapping these models to database tables and executing the necessary SQL queries. EF also provides features like change tracking, automatic migrations, and query optimization, making database operations more efficient and maintainable.

In .NET development, I have worked with databases such as Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and Oracle. Microsoft SQL Server is a widely used relational database management system (RDBMS) that provides excellent performance, scalability, and advanced features like stored procedures, triggers, and indexing options. MySQL is another popular RDBMS that is known for its ease of use, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Oracle is a robust enterprise-grade database system that offers high scalability, security, and comprehensive support for complex data management requirements.

In .NET, asynchronous programming is achieved using the async and await keywords, which allow for non-blocking execution of tasks. Asynchronous programming is beneficial because it improves the responsiveness of applications, especially when dealing with I/O-bound or network-bound operations. By offloading time-consuming tasks to separate threads, the application remains responsive to user interactions. Asynchronous programming is commonly used in scenarios such as making web service calls, accessing databases, or performing file operations.

Dependency injection is a design pattern and technique used in .NET applications to achieve loose coupling between components. It allows for the inversion of control, where a class’s dependencies are provided externally rather than being instantiated within the class itself. This approach enhances code maintainability, testability, and extensibility. With dependency injection, dependencies can be easily substituted or mocked during unit testing, and it facilitates modular development and promotes separation of concerns.

Yes, I have experience using testing frameworks like NUnit, MSTest, and xUnit in .NET development. These frameworks provide a rich set of features for writing and executing unit tests, enabling developers to validate the functionality and reliability of their code. They support features such as parameterized tests, test fixtures, test categorization, and assertions, making it easier to automate test execution and generate test reports.

Security in .NET applications can be ensured through various measures. When handling user authentication, it is important to use secure password hashing algorithms and store passwords in a hashed format to protect user credentials. Utilizing encryption protocols like SSL/TLS for secure data transmission and following best practices for input validation, output encoding, and session management are essential. Implementing role-based or claims-based authorization mechanisms ensures that users have the appropriate access rights. Additionally, protecting sensitive data using encryption and implementing security measures to prevent common attacks like SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS) is crucial.

Performance optimization in .NET applications involves identifying and addressing bottlenecks to ensure optimal performance. This can include techniques such as optimizing database queries, implementing caching mechanisms, reducing network round trips, and leveraging asynchronous programming when dealing with I/O operations. Monitoring application performance using tools like Performance Counters or Application Insights helps identify areas for improvement. Profiling and code analysis tools like JetBrains dotTrace or Visual Studio Profiler assist in pinpointing performance bottlenecks in code, allowing for targeted optimizations.

Staying updated with the latest .NET developments and trends is crucial for a .NET Developer. I regularly follow reputable .NET blogs, subscribe to newsletters, and engage with the .NET community through forums like Stack Overflow or Reddit. I participate in local user groups, attend conferences, webinars, and watch online tutorials to stay informed about new features, frameworks, and best practices. Additionally, I explore Microsoft documentation and official resources, as well as actively experiment with new technologies and tools to gain hands-on experience.